Hoper is a socially innovative research organization. Research participants earn 1099 income that is taxable to them. Hoper recommends that program earnings be used for cash reserves after closing or to cover closing costs above and beyond the participant’s minimum statutory investment. Hoper is not a lender, participants must consult with their lender regarding how earnings may be used in accordance with all lender and regulator underwriting guidelines. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Federal Housing Administration do not approve or endorse private research organizations, and Hoper claims no such approval or endorsement.